In a judgment of 10 January 2023 (ECLI:NL:HR:2023:2), the Dutch Supreme Court confirmed that the applicable standard of proof for “intentional” violations of EU sanctions under Dutch law is generally low. The judgment confirmed that, although the intent of the accused with regard to the constituent elements of the relevant sanctions prohibition must be sufficiently proven to establish an intentional violation, intent does not need to be proven as to the unlawfulness of the conduct.…
On December 16, 2022, the US Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (“DDTC”) issued a proposed rule that would treat two additional types of transactions as activities that are not exports, reexports, retransfers, or temporary imports (“controlled events”) (and, thus, not require authorization) under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”). The two additional activities that would not constitute controlled events are: Taking defense articles outside a previously approved country by the armed…
On October 28, 2022, the US Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) issued a first round of FAQs regarding the advanced computing and semiconductor manufacturing Interim Final Rule, published on October 13, 2022 (87 Fed. Reg. 62,186) (the “Rule”) and amending the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”). The FAQs are available here and the Rule is available here. Our blog post related to the Rule is located here. The FAQs address certain questions around:…
On October 6, 2022, the Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement issued a policy aimed at enhancing enforcement of the antiboycott rules administered by the US Department of Commerce (“Commerce”). The following day a final rule came into effect updating Commerce’s guidance on charging and penalty determinations related to violations of the antiboycott provisions of the Export Administration Regulations (the “EAR”). The changes are intended to bring penalty determinations in line with Commerce’s current view of…