Following months of negotiations and feints, on November 1, 2025, the United States and China reached a trade and economic agreement during bilateral discussions held in the Republic of Korea. The agreement outlines a series of reciprocal measures intended to address trade flows and market access between the two countries. The negotiations had already yielded significant rapprochement between the two countries, including the one-year suspension, as of November 10, 2025, of the “Affiliates Rule,” which…
On 28 July 2020, the EU agreed to impose EU-wide measures to restrict the export of certain items to Hong Kong. The EU Council’s press release can be found here. These restricted goods include equipment or technology that could be used for internal repression, interception of internal communications or cyber surveillance. Like recent US and UK measures, the new EU export controls have been proposed in response to the recent HK National Security Law. Germany…
On 20 July 2020, the UK Foreign Secretary, Dominic Raab, announced that the UK will extend to Hong Kong an EU arms embargo that has applied to mainland China since 1989 (the “Arms Embargo”). This extension forms part of the UK Government’s response to the new Hong Kong National Security Law, and the increasing role that the UK Government claims China is exerting over law enforcement in Hong Kong. The Arms Embargo prohibits the export…