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Background On 15 January 2026, the German Parliament adopted legislation transposing Directive (EU) 2024/1226, which defines and harmonizes criminal offenses and penalties for breaches of all EU restrictive measures (i.e., sanctions). The directive’s core provision, Article 3, sets out a comprehensive list of criminal offenses that cover most types of sanction violations. Transposing the directive into national law, Germany revised key provisions in sections 18 and 19 of the Foreign Trade and Payments Act (Außenwirtschaftsgesetz(AWG))…